NAICS 111 - Crop Production

Industries in the Crop Production subsector grow crops mainly for food and fiber. The subsector comprises establishments, such as farms, orchards, groves, greenhouses, and nurseries, primarily engaged in growing crops, plants, vines, or trees and their seeds.

The industries in this subsector are grouped by similarity of production activity, including biological and physiological characteristics and economic requirements, the length of growing season, degree of crop rotation, extent of input specialization, labor requirements, and capital demands. The production process is typically completed when the raw product or commodity grown reaches the "farm gate" for market, that is, at the point of first sale or price determination.

Establishments are classified in the Crop Production subsector when crop production (i.e., value of crops for market) accounts for one-half or more of the establishment's total agricultural production. Within the subsector, establishments are classified in a specific industry when a product or industry family of products (i.e., oilseed and grain farming, vegetable and melon farming, fruit and tree nut farming) account for one-half or more of the establishment's agricultural production. Establishments with one-half or more crop production with no one product or family of products of an industry accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production are treated as general combination crop farming and are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming.

Industries in the Crop Production subsector include establishments that own, operate, and manage and those that operate and manage. Those that manage only are classified in Subsector 115, Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry. Establishments that raise aquatic plants in controlled or selected aquatic environments are classified in Subsector 112, Animal Production and Aquaculture.

• Includes establishments growing crops for food and fiber such as farms, orchards, and nurseries.
• Classified based on the dominant crop or product family accounting for at least half of production.
• Focuses on production activities completing at the farm gate, where first sale or price is determined.
• Excludes establishments managing crops only; these are classified under support activities subsector.
• Covers a variety of crop types including grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and specialty crops.
• Subject to size standards based on employee count or annual receipts specific to crop type.

• Cultivating and harvesting grains such as wheat, corn, and soybeans.
• Growing vegetables, melons, and leafy greens in open fields or greenhouses.
• Managing orchards and groves for fruit and tree nut production.
• Operating nurseries to propagate plants, vines, and seedlings.
• Implementing crop rotation and soil management practices.
• Producing specialty crops including herbs, flowers, and industrial crops.
• Applying pest management and irrigation techniques for optimal yield.
• Cooperating with government agencies for research and conservation projects.

• Family-owned crop farms and agricultural cooperatives.
• Commercial grain and oilseed growers.
• Vegetable and specialty crop producers.
• Nursery and greenhouse operators.
• Fruit and tree nut orchard managers.
• Agricultural service providers specializing in crop production.